more notes

more reforms (around 500 BCE):

  • allowed all citizens to submit laws for debate at the assembly
  • created the Council of Five Hundred (members chosen at random, to counsel the assembly)
  • but… only free adult male property owners born in Athens were considered citizens
  • sorry, women, slaves, “foreigners”
    • Hippias was a tyrant who ruled from 527 to 510 BCE
    • his brother was murdered, and his rule became harsh
    • eventually he was expelled from Athens (this is called being ostracized)
    • in revenge, he began working with the Persian king Darius I, helping them invade Marathon
    • with Hippias gone, Isagoras and Cleisthenes (both were aristocrats) engaged in a power struggle
    • Isagoras had support from some fellow aristocrats, plus from Sparta
    • Cleisthenes had support of the majority of Athenians
    • Isagoras becomes archon eponymous (tyrant)
    • He ostracizes Cleisthenes 
    • Cleisthenes’ supporters - and the ordinary Athenian citizens! - revolt against Isagoras’ tyranny
    • they trap Isagoras on the acropolis for two days - on the third day he fled and was banished
    • 508 BCE !  Yes!


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